The entire is addressed to Ths Barker Esq., Steam Mills. Sysdney and there is a boxed red PAID AT/, CAMDEN handstamp, a large red hand-written ‘2’, and a black ms. ppe at lower left on this stampless front. The vendor has identified it being sent in 1851 and the reverse has a Camden b/s as well as a Sydney arrival (Figure 1).
Thomas Barker, engineer, manufacturer, grazier and philanthropist, was born on 25 March 1799 in Soho, London, the son of James Barker and Mary, née Shuldham. Both his parents died when he was 9, and after education at private schools he was articled by his guardian to John Dickson, with whom he arrived in Sydney in the Earl Spencer in October 1813.
Barker was a skilful engineer and millwright; in partnership with John Smith he built a large windmill at Darlinghurst in 1826 and soon afterwards another close by. He wrote to Governor (Sir) Ralph Darling in June 1826 about the ‘flagrant system of monopoly’ in the milling business: ‘it is my wish to oppose as far as my means will allow, those overgrown Millers, by building other Mills’. About 1828 he bought a steam flour-mill which he greatly enlarged. In the late 1840s he built a cloth-mill adjacent to his extensive flour-mills near the corner of Sussex and Bathurst Streets, the machinery of which was mostly manufactured on the premises. The site of Barker’s Steam Mill is shown in an 1840.Lower Sydney Industrial map and the position of the mill is identified by the green arrow (Figure 2).
A drawing of Barker’s Steam Flour Mill is shown in a 2-storey building, and the remaining text on the 1-storey buiLding is illegible (Figure 3).
Barker’s mill in 1870 is shown ln the photo and the northern side of the main building was developed in 3 phases of construction (Figure 4).
He was granted 800 acres at Yass, N.S.W. in May 1824 and by the 1830s he had ‘three most extensive farms’ including Nonorrah (later Maryland) at the Cowpastures and Mummel on the Goulburn Plains. In the 1840s he grazed sheep and cattle on the Murrumbidgee and in the 1850s he bought more land in the county of Argyle. By the end of 1834 Barker had done so well in his various enterprises that he was able to retire from the milling business which he let to his brother James for £2000 a year. In 1837 he undertook a sea voyage for his health and visited China, the Cape of Good Hope, England and various countries on the Continent before returning to Sydney in 1840. Meanwhile his brother had entered into partnership in the milling business with Ambrose Hallen but their firm was one of the early failures in the depression. On his return to Sydney Barker re-entered the business, and he and his brother carried on as Barker & Co. until about 1860. Barker’s woollen-mill began operations in 1852; in March 1853 O. B. Ebsworth was admitted into partnership but in July 1854 he sold his interest in the mill to Barker. In 1862 Ebsworth bought the mill, which after his death in 1870 was taken over again by Barker; it was acquired by John Vicars in 1874.
Equally energetic in public affairs, Barker was one of the earliest promoters of railways in the colony. He and a few others paid for the survey from Sydney to Goulburn, conducted by Thomas Woore. He was a director and president of the Sydney Railway Co. and in 1855 held an honorary appointment from the government as commissioner for railways. He was a director and chairman of the Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney, a founder and director of the Sydney Exchange Co. and a trustee for nearly forty years of the Savings Bank of New South Wales. He was appointed a magistrate in 1834 and warden of the council of the Sydney district in 1843. He was honorary secretary of the committee that prepared a petition to the Queen for a new Constitution in 1853, and a member of the Legislative Council from April 1853 to February 1856. In the first Legislative Assembly under responsible government he represented the counties of Gloucester and Macquarie from April 1856 to December 1857.
He was particularly active in the encouragement of education. He was elected to the council of the Australian College in 1831, served on the committee set up in opposition to the proposed National school system in 1836 and became a member of the Denominational School Board in 1848, a council member of the Sydney College and a trustee of the Sydney Grammar School and the Sydney Mechanics’ School of Arts. His gift of £1000 for a scholarship for proficiency in mathematics was the first direct benefaction to the University at Sydney; in 1857 he gave a further £100 for a side window in the Great Hall. His philanthropic activities were wide; he was a founder of the Destitute Children’s Asylum, a trustee of the Sydney Bethel Union and with his wife an active member of the Sydney Female Refuge Society.
On 4 June 1823 at St Philip’s Church he married Joanna, niece of John Dickson and daughter of James and Helen Dickson of Bringelly. She died in 1851 without issue. In 1857 he married Katherine Heath Gray, by whom he had one son, Thomas Charles (1863-1940). In 1833 he bought about sixteen acres at Darling Point and there built Roslyn Hall; it was designed by Hallen and said to be ‘more like a palace than a private house’. He died at his Bringelly estate on 12 March 1875 and was buried in St Stephen’s churchyard, Camperdown. A photo of Thomas Barker in the Australian Dictionary of Biography is seen in Figure 5.
A medallion profile by Thomas Woolner is at the University of Sydney (Figure 6).
Figures 3-5 were taken with permission of Tony Lowe from the firm of Casey & Lowe Pty Ltd. Archaeology. The paper is some 53 pages, and only a small sample of figures were used. The text and many figures are very interesting and highly recommended. He has asked me to acknowledge that the paper was mostly written by Dr. Rosemary Annable for the above firm.